Grammar

Learn the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet, their forms in different positions, and how they connect in words.

Master the short vowels (fatha, damma, kasra), sukun, shadda, and tanwin marks that are essential for correct pronunciation.

Learn how to make nouns definite using the prefix al- and understand the sun and moon letter pronunciation rules.

Learn all Arabic personal pronouns for I, you, he, she, we, you (plural), they, and the dual forms.

Understand nominal sentences in Arabic, which begin with a noun or pronoun and do not require a verb for 'is/are' in the present tense.

Learn the masculine and feminine system in Arabic, including the taa marbuta marker and rules for natural vs. grammatical gender.

Learn the three types of Arabic plurals: sound masculine plural, sound feminine plural, and broken plurals.

Learn to say 'this' and 'that' in Arabic with the demonstrative pronouns for near and far, masculine, feminine, and plural.

Learn how to express possession in Arabic using suffix pronouns attached directly to nouns.

Master the most common Arabic prepositions: in, from, to, on, with, at, between, in front of, and behind.

Learn Arabic numbers from 1 to 10 and understand the unique number-noun agreement rules that reverse the expected gender pattern.

Learn Arabic question words (who, what, where, when, how, why, how many) and how to form yes/no and information questions.

Learn the complete conjugation of regular trilateral verbs in the past tense with all 13 pronoun forms.

Learn the present tense conjugation system using prefixes and suffixes, expressing ongoing or habitual actions.

Learn to express future actions using the prefixes سَـ (sa-) and سَوْفَ (sawfa) with the present tense verb.

Master the five main negation particles in Arabic: lā, laysa, lam, lan, and mā, each used with a specific tense or context.

Master the idafa construction, the Arabic way of expressing possession and association between two nouns without using a separate word for 'of.'

Learn how Arabic adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, definiteness, and case.

Learn the af'al (أَفْعَل) pattern for forming comparatives ('bigger') and superlatives ('the biggest') in Arabic.

Learn the structure of verbal sentences with VSO word order and understand verb-subject agreement rules.

Learn how Arabic expresses pairs and two of something using the dual form, including dual nouns, adjectives, verbs, and pronouns.

Master the three grammatical cases in Arabic — nominative, accusative, and genitive — and understand how they mark the function of nouns in a sentence.

Learn the first five of the ten Arabic verb form patterns (أَوْزَان), their characteristic shapes, and how each form modifies the base meaning of the root.

Continue learning Arabic verb form patterns with Forms VI through X, including reciprocal, reflexive, color/defect, and requestive meanings.

Learn how to derive the active participle (doer noun) and passive participle (done-to noun) from Arabic verbs across all ten forms.

Learn how to form the passive voice in Arabic by changing the internal vowels of verbs in both the past and present tenses.

Learn the three main conditional patterns in Arabic using إِذَا (if/when), إِنْ (if), and لَوْ (if — counterfactual), and how to form both the condition and result clauses.

Learn the masdar (verbal noun) — the Arabic equivalent of the infinitive or gerund — and how to derive it from verbs across all forms.

Learn how to form relative clauses in Arabic using relative pronouns such as الَّذِي (who/which/that) and their variants for gender, number, and case.

Learn how to form reported speech and subordinate clauses in Arabic using أَنَّ (that), إِنَّ (indeed/that), and the verb قَالَ (said) with different clause structures.

Master the internal vowel changes that form the passive voice in both past and present tenses across all verb forms, including irregular verbs, hollow verbs, and geminate verbs.

Deep dive into verb Forms VII through X: their precise morphological patterns, semantic ranges, transitive/intransitive behavior, and how to derive all related nouns and participles.

Master exception constructions in Arabic using إِلَّا, غَيْر, and سِوَى, including the case rules that govern the excepted noun in complete affirmative, complete negative, and incomplete sentences.

Learn the vocative construction in Arabic using يَا and other particles, including the case rules for definite, indefinite, and annexed vocative nouns.

Learn how to express emphasis using verbal and nominal emphatic constructions, and how to form oath sentences using وَاللَّهِ, تَاللَّهِ, and the associated grammatical rules for the oath response.

Master the ḥāl (circumstantial) construction that describes the state or condition of the subject or object during an action, including single-word ḥāl, clause ḥāl, and prepositional ḥāl.

Learn the tamyīz (specification/distinction) — an accusative indefinite noun that clarifies an ambiguity in quantity, measure, or meaning, used after numbers, weights, areas, comparatives, and expressions of astonishment.

A comprehensive review of the Arabic case system at the advanced level, covering the five nouns (الأسماء الخمسة), diptotes (الممنوع من الصرف), iʿrāb of complex sentences, and full parsing of multi-clause constructions.