ن-ف-ق Arabic Root

B1verb

أَنْفَقَ

anfaqa

he spent (in charity) / he gave

Example

الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً

alladhīna yunfiqūna amwālahum bil-layli wan-nahāri sirran wa-ʿalāniyah

Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and publicly (2:274)

Root: ن-ف-ق Quranic

Grammar

Form IV verb (أَفْعَلَ). Past: أَنْفَقَ, Present: يُنْفِقُ. Related: نَفَقَةٌ (expenditure), إِنْفَاقٌ (spending). Often used specifically for spending in God's cause.

Culture

Charitable spending is one of the most praised deeds in the Quran. The ideal is to give at all times and in all ways - openly and secretly, by day and by night.

B1noun

مُنَافِقٌ

munāfiq

hypocrite

Example

إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِي الدَّرْكِ الْأَسْفَلِ مِنَ النَّارِ

inna al-munāfiqīna fī ad-darki al-asfali mina an-nār

Indeed, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire (4:145)

Root: ن-ف-ق Quranic

Grammar

Active participle of نَافَقَ (Form III, to act hypocritically). Noun: نِفَاقٌ (hypocrisy). Surah al-Munāfiqūn (63) is dedicated to this topic.

Culture

Hypocrisy (nifāq) is considered worse than open disbelief because it involves deception. The Quran dedicates extensive passages to identifying its signs.