A2noun
إِثْمٌ
ithm
sin / guilt / wrongdoing
Example
وَذَرُوا ظَاهِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَبَاطِنَهُ
wa-dharū ẓāhira al-ithmi wa-bāṭinah
And leave what is apparent of sin and what is concealed of it (6:120)
Grammar
Masculine noun. Adjective: آثِمٌ (sinful). Verb: أَثِمَ (he sinned). Plural: آثَامٌ (āthām).
Culture
Distinguished from ذَنْب (fault) — إثم specifically denotes a conscious moral transgression with spiritual consequences.